AUTHOR NOTE: Ray Noe has taught for more than 25 years at Big Ten universities, including Michigan State University and University of Minnesota. Professor Noe conducts research and teaches all levels of students - from undergraduates to executives - in human resource management, training and development, performance management, and talent management. He has published articles and has served on the editorial boards of many top journals. He has received numerous awards for his teaching and research excellence, and is also a fellow of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.